Well device



. INVENTOR.- n CHARLES 5f Cosa-uo,

` ATTORNEY WELL DEVICE Filed May 2, 1941 Ap 5, 1949. c. E. COSTELLOincludes a tube 21 extending through the upper body member I forconnection at its upper end with a T 28 welded or otherwise secured tothe body and opening outwardly through the upper member above the outerswab cup Ill. The lower end of this by-pass tube 21 extends through anannular baiile plate 29 suitably secured in the lower end of the upperbody member I5 in leakproof relation with respect to the body and thetube, as by use of welding material 30. The lower portion of the by-passdevice 26 similarly consists of a tube 3I extending through the lowerbody member I6 and secured to a T 32 opening outwardly through the lowermember below its outer packing I3, with its upper end extending throughan annular baffle plate 33 suitably secured in the upper end of bodymember I6. The spacer pipe I1, including its end couplings 34 threadedlyconnected to the inner ends of the two body members l5, I6, communicateswith the open inner ends of both tubes 21, 3| to complete the constantlyopen by-pass passage, which extends from a point below the lowermostpacking member I3 to a point above the uppermost packing member I Il.

Fluid can pass between the interior of the tubing string C and theannular casing space 35 defined between the opposed swab cups throughone or morelateral openings or ports 36 in the upper body member I5. Thepumps at the surface of the bore may force fluid downwardly through thetubular string and upper body member for passage through this port intosuch annular space, from where it may flow into the lower body member I6through its lateral ports or opening 31, and through a control valve 38into the casing below the lowermost packing member I3.

The control valve consists of a tubular locking member 39 threaded intoa coupling 40 attached to the bottom end of the lower body section I 6.

This locking member carries a valve seat 4I on which a valve ball 42 isadapted to rest for the purpose of closing the passage through the lowerbody member I6 against downward iiuid flow. This ball 42 is free to belifted from its seat under the action of upwardly flowing fluid, suchmovement being limited by its engagement with a suitable stop, which canbe a suitable cage or the T 32 secured to the lower by-pass tube 3l.Downward seating of the ball to close the passage is determined by avalve operating stem 43 in the tubular locking member 39, its upper endbeing adapted to engage the ball 42 for lifting it and holding it fromits seat 4I, while its other end is threaded into a guide head 44slidable in the locking member. This head has a laterally extending lockpin 45 projecting outwardly into an inverted J or L slot 46 formed inthe tubular locking member 39.

A suitable friction device for operating the stem 43 is secured to theguide head 44, consisting of a guide tube 41 attached to the head, andslidable through the lower end of the tubular locking member 39.outwardly bowed friction springs 48 are fastened at one end to a springholder 49 threaded on the guide tube 41 and locked to it by a nut 50,with their other ends secured to a second spring holder 5l slidable onthis tube. Since engagement of the friction springs 48 with the casing Bserves to hold or resist movement of the guide tube 41, its attachedhead 44 and valve ystem 43, it is apparent that longitudinal movement ofthe entire body I5, I6, I1 and tubular locking member 39 in a downwarddirection can '4 cause the valve stem 43 to engage the ball 42 and holdit from its seat 4I, while movement in an upward direction removes itfrom such engagement to permit the seating action to occur.

In the operation of the device, the tool is run to the desired casingpoint on the end of the tubular string until the opposed packing membersI0, II, I2, I3 are disposed on opposite sides of the casing outlets orperforations I4 through which fluid is to be displaced. During thisrunning-in operation, fluid may pass into the bleeder holes 52 in thetubular locking member 39 for upward passage therethrough, unseating theball 42 and passing into the lower body member I E, from where the fluidmay ow around the T 32 and bypass tube 3I for exit through the lowerbody port 31 into the coniined annular space 35 between the packings.From this region, the uid enters the upper section I5 through the otherbody port 36 for passage around the upper by-pass tube 21 and itsconnected T 28 into the tubular string C, to ll the same with fluid.While this action is occurring, the well fluid is also free to flowthrough the constantly open by-pass 26 from the region lbelow the swabcups to the annular casing space thereabove, so that there is no uidresistance to movement of the tooi through the casing.

Whether pressure can be built up in the tool and between the opposedpacking members is dependent upon the position of the valve operatingstem 43 with respect to the ball 42. This position is determinable byelevating or lowering the entire tubing string C and tool A with respectto the guide tube 41 and valve stem 43, which are held in comparativelystationary position through engagement of the friction springs 48 withthe wall of the casing. If the ball 42 is to be maintained off its seat4I to open the valve device and permit intercommunication betweenthetool body I5, I6, I1 and the by-pass 26, the entire tool is lowereduntil the lock pin 45 is positioned in the upper part of the J slot 46,`which causes engagement of the valve operating stem 43 with the ball 42to lift and hold it orf its seat 4I, regardless of the direction ofiiuid Iiow through the valve. When in this position, the tubular stringand tool body may be turned in the proper direction to move the pin 45into the arm 53 of the slot to effect locking of the ball valve in openposition, since further relative longitudinal movement in eitherdirection between the tubular locking member 39 and ball controllingstem 43 cannot occur. If seating of the valve ball is desired, the lockpin 45 is positioned in the longitudinal leg 54 of the J slot and theentire tool raised a suii'icient distance to elevate the valve seat 4Iabove the end of the frictionally held stem 43, resulting in withdrawalof the ball 42 from contact with the stem to permit its engagement withthe seat for the purpose of preventing downward fluid flow from thelower body member I6, enabling pressure to be built up in the tool bodyand confined annular space 35. In operating the tool in the well, thepin 45 need not be positioned necessarily in the arm 53 of the J slot tohold the ball valve 42 in open position for permitting both upward ordownward passage of uid through the body. Upward flow can occurregardless of the position of the stem 43, and with the ball initiallyon its seat, since the upward rush of fluid will automatically raise theball and open the valve. Downward rflow can only occur with the stemholding the ball in open position; and due to the frictional drag of thesprings 48 against the casing, if the valve is to arcanos he open duringelevating of the entire tool in the casing, they pin 45 should bepositoned inthe slot arm: '53. n

If pressure is to be.- imparted to the fluid between the opposed packingmembers, the pin -45 is placed in the leg 54 of the J slot and the toolelevated to lower the stem 43 from the ball 42, permitting its seating.The application of pressure to the fluid within the tubing stri-ng andtool body forces fluid under pressure through the upper body outlet 356into the. annular confined space 35 between the opposed packing rubbers,and thence through the perforations I4 to the exterior of the casing.When release of Vthis pressure is desired, the tubular string C and bodyare again lowered to position the pin in the upper part of the J slotleg 54 and cause Athe stem` to elevate the ball from its seat.

One specific use of the tooll described is in Vconnection with.cementing through casing perforations or ports. After the packingmembers I0, Il, I2, I3 have been disposed on opposite sides of theperiorations or ports it through which the cement slurry is to besqueezed or displaced, the tool may be lowered a slight distance toenable the stem 43 to hold the ball valve 42 oir its seat 4 I. The fluidpreceding the cement slurry pumped down the tubular string is notrequired to pass through the casing openings It, but vmay flow outwardlythrough the upper body port .36 into the oonned annular space 35, andback into the: lowerbody member I6 throughits lateral port 3l, fromwhere it flows downwardly around the lower by-pass tube 3i through theopen valve member 38 and the bleeder holes 52 the tubular Y lock member,for upward passage into and through the by-pass elements 32, 3i, i7,2l', 28 to a point above the uppermost packing member I Il, the fluidthenv proceeding upwardly around the tubular string C to the surface-ofthe bore.

As soon as the cement slurry reaches thegce-f inenting tool A, thetubing string and tool may be elevated a slight distance to remove thevalve operating stem i3 from its ball valve opening position, allowingthe ball t2v to seat and close the lower end of the tool body,permitting the cement slurry to be forced under pressure from the upperbody outlet St into the confined annular space 35 between the packinglmembers,y and through the casing outlets I4.

If excess cement slurry is to be flushed from the tubing stringC, thetool A and the casing B, the tool may again be lowered a few inches toagain cause the stem i3 to elevate the ball valve from its seat 4I',whereupon this excess slurry can pass through the upper b-ody port 36back into the lower body port 3l', and through the valve seat d I, thebleeder holes 52 and the tubular by-pass 26 back to the surface of thecasing. `As an alternative, this excess fluid ork cement slurry may beflushed from the well casing and tool by pumping down around the tubingstring C, the flushing fluid entering the top end 28 of the by-pass 26and passing downvs'lardly therethrough for exit through the lowerby-pas's T32, from where it passes through the bleeder holes 52 andvalve seat 4I into the lower body member IS, issuing through its port3linto the coniined annular space 35 adjacent the lower packing-memberI2, flowing from this point through substantially' the entire annularcasing space 35 between the packing members through the upper port 3Sinto the upper body member E5 and tubular string C to the surface of thecasing. This. alternative flushing method can be performedeven with the6 ball' permitted to rest; on its seat' 4|- bythe ystem 43, since thereverse' flow of fluid. will elevate. the ball upwardlyy automaticallyfrom its seat.

It will be noted that the upper and lowerl body ports 35, 3'Ii areadjacent the inner packing members I i, i2, or at the extremities of theconfined casing'space 35. As a result of such locations, flushing of theiluid from the tool in the manners just described cleans substantiallythis entire annular space, inv view of the necessity for the fluidsl `topass through the entire distance be tween. these ports when the valve38` is. open.

After' the cementing operation has been completed:v andthe excess slurrywashed from the casing, the tool is lowered a few inches to cause thestem 43 to elevate the ball 42 from its seat, if 'this has not alreadytaken place, the' tool being turned to position the lock pin 45 in thearm 53 ofthe J slot, thus holding the ball valve in. openposition duringelevation of the entire tool the well casing, preventing the pulling ofa wet job while thetool is being removed to the: surface of the bore.

Although. employment of the tool in performing cementing operations hasbeen speci-iically described,y it can alsoA be used to advantage formany other purposes, including the washing, testing or acidizing ofwells. With the tool described, the pressures imposed' upon the iuidbetween the opposed packing members-'cannot tend to elevate it in. thecasing, since such pressures arer equal and act in opposite directionson the packing members. In thev event that the lower packing membersI2', i3 should leak, or if the bottom hole pressurebelow the tool isgreater than the hydrostaticv head of fluid above the tool, suchupwardly acting pressure. differential cannot force the tool up thecasing'l and possibly kink or damage'the tubing string, since theby-pass 26- is always open, enabling the pressures immediately above andbelowthe packing members to equalize automatically, except, ofcourse,for the slight diiierence in hydrostatic head, which value is small andcan be disregarded for all practical purposes.

The ley-pass arrangement 26 :further oaers the advantage that thedistance between the packing rubbers II, I2 `mayrbe readily variedsimply be employing different lengths of by-pass spacer pipe IFT securedto and VAbetween the upper'and lower body sections I5, I'E.l The onlyrelatively movable elements in the entire tool are the valve controlmembers, attesting to the simplicity of design oi' the tool, to its easeof operation in performing a diversity of functions, and to itseiliciency. The valve member 38' is positioned below the lower tool bodyopening 3l, and determines, in conjunction with the open by`pass 26,whether pressure can be built up in the annular space 35 between thepacking members, or whether circulation can take place through andaround the tool in either direction. f

f 1. A devicel adapted to be connected to a tubular string for operationin a well casing; including a body carrying spaced upper and lowerpacking members for sealing with said casing; said body having passagemeans for conducting fluid between said string andthe space between saidpacking members, and also between said space and a point below saidlower packing member; valve means in the path of fluid flow vthroughsaid passage' means for controlling ilow ofi-:luid tosaidpointv belowsaidpacking member to enablepressure; to be built up in the iiuid withinsaid space; and-a by-pass extendingffrom below` the -lower 'packingmember to above the upper packing member and communicable with saidpassage means when said valve means is in open position.

2. A device adapted to be connected to a tubular string for operation ina well casing, including a body carrying spaced upper and lower packingmembers for sealing with said casing, said body having fluid passagemeans terminating at a point below said lower packing member and whichalso has a fluid exit between said packing members, valve means in thepath of fluid iiow through said passage means and positioned below saidfluid exit for controlling iiow of fluid to said point below said lowerpacking member, and a fluid by-pass extending from below the lowerpacking member to above the upper packing member.

3. A device adapted to be connected to a tubular string for operationin` a well casing, including a body carrying spaced upper and lowerpacking members for sealing with said casing, said body having liuidpassage means terminating at a point below sai-d lower packing memberand which also has a fluid exit between said packing members, valvemeans in the path of fluid flow through said passage means andpositioned below said fluid exit for preventing flow of fluid to saidpoint below said lower packing member to permit the pressure of thefluid in the space between said packing members to be increased, a iluidby-pass extending from below the lower packing member to above the upperpacking member and communicable with said passage means when said valvemeans is in open position, and means for preventing flow of iiuid withinsaid body between said passage means and by-pass when said valve is inclosed position.

4. A device adapted to be connected to a tubular string for operation ina well casing, including a body carrying spaced upper and lower packingmembers for sealing with said casing, said body having fluid passagemeans communicable with said tubular string which terminates -at a pointbelow said lower packing member and which also has a fluid exit betweensaid packing members, valve means in the path of iiuid ow through saidpassage means and positioned below said fluid exit for controlling iiowof iiuid to said point below said lower packing member, a by-passextending from below the lower packing member to above the upper packingmember and communicable with said passage means when said valve means isin open position, and means operable by manipulation of` said tubularstring for controlling said valve means.

5. A device adapted to be connected to a tubular string for operation ina well casing, including a body carrying spaced upper and lower packingmembers for sealing with said casing, said body having fluid passagemeans terminating at a point below said lower packing member and whichalso has a uid exit between said packing members, a iiuid by-passextending from below the lower packing member to above the upper packingmember, and downwardly seating valve means in the path of iluid owthrough said passage means and positioned below said uid exit fordetermining the ow of fluid through said exit and between said liuidpassage means and by-pass.

s 6.l A device adapted to be-connected to a tu bular string foroperation in a well casing, including a body carrying spaced upper andlower packing. members for sealing with said casing and having a iirstpassage to receive fluid from said string and discharge it into thespace between said packing members, and a second pas'- sage to receivefluid from said space and discharge it at a point below said lowerpacking member, valve means in the path of fluid flow through saidsecond passage and positioned below said first passage for controllingflow of i'luid through said second passage, a by-pass extending frombelow the lower packing member to above the upper packing member andcommunicable with said second passage when said valve means is in openposition, and means for preventing ilow of iluid withinsaid body betweensaid passages and by-pass.

'7. A device adapted to be connected to a tubular string for operationin a well casing, including a body carrying spaced upper and lowerpacking members for sealing with said casing, and having a first passagefor conducting iiuid between said string and the space between saidpacking members, and a second passage for conducting iiui-d between saidspace and a point below said lower packing member, valve means in thepath of fluid iiow through said second passage and positioned below saidiirst passage for controlling flow of fluid through said second passage,a constantly open by-pass extending from below the lower packing memberto above the upper packing member and communicable with said secondpassage when said valve means is in open position, means for preventingflow of fluid within said body between said passages and bypass, andmeans operable by manipulation of said tubular string for controllingsaid valve means.

8. A device adapted to be connected .to a tubular string for operationin a well casing, including a tubular member having upper and lowersections, opposed upper and lower packing members around said tubularmember for sealing with said casing to deiine a confined longitudinalspace therein, a first port in said upper section adjacent said upperpacking member for establishing communication between the interior ofsaid upper section and said confined space, a second port in said lowersection adjacent said lower packing member for establishingcommunication between the interior of said lower section and saidconfined space, means for preventing passage of fluid between said upperand lower sections through the interiors thereof, means for providing apassage extending from a point below said lower packing member to apoint above said upper packing member for by-passing iiuid around saidconfined space, and valve means below said second ported means fordetermining the flow of fluid through said lower section and between itsinterior and said by-pass passage.

9. A device adapted to be connected to a tubular string for operation ina well casing, including a tubular body having upper and lower sections,opposed upperand lower packing members secured to said upper and lowersections, respectively, for sealing with said casing to deiine aconiined longitudinal space therein, a first ported means adjacent saidupper packing member for establishing communication between the interiorof said upper section and said confined space, a second ported meansadjacent said lower packing member for establishing communicationbetween the interior of said lower section and said coniined space,baille means for preventing passage of fluid between said upper andlower sections through their interiors, means for provIding a passagefor by-passing fluid around said conned space,` and valve meansy belowsaidv `seoond ported means for determining the iiow of fluid throughsaid lower section .and between. :its interior and said 'by-passpassage.

10. A device adapted to be connected to :atubular string for operationin a well casing, including a tubular body having upper and lowersections, opposed upper and lower :packing mex-nbers secured to saidupper and lower sections, .1p-

tspective'ly, fior sealing-'with said casing .to -fdelne a connedlongitudinal space therein., a -rst ported means for establishingycommunicaticn between the interior of ,said upper .section saidconfined space, a second ported .means for establishing communication,between the interior of said lower section ,and said conned space,means forproviding a passage .for 'bypassing fluid .around said .connnedspace, valve vmeans below said vsecond portedmea-ns rior :determiningthe now of nuid through :sai-d lower :section :and between its interiorand said by-,pass passage, said :by-pass means comprising :tubular:means extending through said upper section and lopening outwardlyAthereof .above said upper packing member, tubular means extendingthrough said lower section and .opening outwardly thereof ibelow saidlower` packing member, means for gire- `venting passage of `-iluidbetween said tubular means and sections within said body,v and a spacerpipe connecting sai-d upper andlower -sections together andcommunicating with both .of said-tubular by-pass means.

11. A device adapted to be connected to a tubular string for operationin la well, including a tubular body lhaving upper and W-.er sections,opposed upper and lower packing members secured to said upper and lowersections, respectively, for ,sealing -with said casing to define aconfined longitudinal space therein, ported means for establishinglcommunication between said body-and said confined space, and means forproviding a passage for by-passing yfluid yaround said connned spacecomprising tubularmeans extending through said upper sectionand opening:outwardly thereof above said upper packing member, tubular meansextending 'through saidflower section and opening -outwardly Y.thereofbelow said lower packing member, means for preventing passage of. duidwithin -said body between said tubular means and-sections, and-a tubularlmember communicating with .both `of said tubularlbypass means andconnecting said upper ,and lower sections together in spaced relation.

12. A device adapted to vbe 4connected-to `atubular string forloperation in a well, including upper and lower tubular sectionsllongitudinally separated from one another, opposed upper Aand lowerpacking members secured to said upper and lower sections, respectively,for sealing with said casing to dei-lne a coni-ined longitudinal spacetherein, ports lin said tubular .sections V,for establishingcommunication between said sections and said confined space,l a bye-passextending from below the lower packing `member-t; above the upperpacking 4member and comprising atubular member connected tosaidsections-to |bridge the longitudinal distance therebetween and -secure them together in spaced1relation,zand.means`for-preventing-directpassageofdluid,betweenlfiaid by-pass and saidsections.

13. A device adaptedto :be'connectedto-aztubular string for operation.ina we1l, .-including upper .and lower tubular sections longitudinallyseparated from one another, upper and ,lower 4wicking members yaround@said llpper and lower sections, respectively, fior sealing with ,SaidGasine to denne .a @0n-fined longitudinal space therein, ports in saidtubular sections for .establishing communication between said sectionand said `ooniined space, means for providing a passageway 'forby-.Dassing fluid around said lconfined v space comprising a tubularmember connected to A.Salti Sections to bridge the longitudinal distancetherebetween andsecure them together in spaced relation, and means forpreventing vpassage vof fluid ,directly between said by-pass passagewayand said sections.- l

14. A device adapted to be connected to valtuvb-ular lstring vlfor.operation in a well, including upper landylower sections longitudinallyseparated from-'one another, upper and lower packing members around saidupper and lower sections, vrespectively yfor sealing with said casing todefine a confined longitudinal space therein, ports in said tubularsections vfor establishing communication between said sections and saidconfined space, means for holding .said sections in spaced relationywith 4respect to each other comprising a passageway for ley-passing uidaround said confined space, Yand means for preventing direct flowoffluid between said lay-pass passageway and said sections.

15. In the placingfof .cement through Aan ,open- .ing in 1the casing ofa well with a tool suspended within the casing irom a .tubing andprovided .with vertically spaced packing `means for sealing 01T alocalized zone in the casing therebetween, said tubing `being adapted to`communicate vwith the localized zone, the steps which comprise;bringing the tool into position in the casing with the packing meanslocatediatopposite sides of the ,openingin the ycasing :to seal ron? alocalizedzone in the portionof-the casing containing the opening;forcing cement down the tubing into the localized zone and through theopening; and thereafter, while maintaining the tool positioned with thepacking `means located-at opposite sides of the opening, forcing liquiddown the lcasing around `the tubing, Vthrough the localized zone, .andup through-thetubing, the flow ofsaidliquid from the casi-ng into thetubing being Jsubstantially Wholly through said localized zone betweenthe lpacking means, Awhereby ,cement is substantially completelyremovedfrom said zone bythe iiushing action of said liquid While maintainingl,l in -4said lzoneahuid-pressune:atleast equal to the hydrostatic headof theliquid inthe entire length of thetubing above the tool.

16. vIn.theplacingci cement-'through ano-pening yi-n the Acasing of awell with a cementing 'tool ofthe type suspended withinthecasing .from atubing andprovided Iwith upper and lower packers sealing with theinterior -of the casing at .vertically vspaced-positions to seal 01T aportionpf the casing therebetween, and having a ,cementing portproviding communication between theltubing and thegportion of the casingbetween'the packers, thesteps which compri-se: Ybringing the ,tool `into.a cementing position to 4seal oi pa-localized yzone in the portion of.the casingcontaining the opening; `:forcing cement down-the tubing:through the cementingport and through the localizedzone `into andthroughthe opening; and thereafter retaining the tool in said Vcementingposition until the cement around the opening has ta-ken atleastAaninitial set, while maintaining the tubing full lof liquid to maintainin said zone a fluid pressure at least equal to the hydrostatic headproduced by the-liquid, inftne tubing; and during-.at least part fof`vthe `time -Said :tool is f-so vretained :in said consenting position,forcing liquid down the casing around the tubing and into the localizedzone,

and thence through the cementing port and up ing action of said liquidwhile maintaining such fluid pressure in said zone.

1'7.V A device adapted to be connected to a tubular string for operationin a well casing, including a body carrying spaced upper and lowerpacking members 'for sealing with said casing, a by-pass extending frombelow the lower packing member to above the upper packing member, saidbody having passage means for conducting fluid between said string andthe space between said -packing members, said passage means also beingcommunicable with said space and said by-pass, and valve means forcontrolling ilow of fluid between said passage means and by--pass toenable pressure to be built up in the fluid within said space when saidvalve means is closed.

18. A device adapted to be connected to a tubular string for operationin a well casing, including a body carrying spaced upper and lowerpacking members for sealing with said casing, a fluid bypass extendingfrom below the lower packing member to above the upper packing member,said body having fluid passage means communicable with said by-pass,said passage means also having a fluid exit between said packingmembers, and valve means in the path of iluid flow through said passagemeans for controlling flow of fluid between said passage means andby-pass.

19. A device adapted to be connected to a tubular string for operationin a well casing, including a body carrying spaced upper and lowerpacking members for sealing with said casing and having a rst passage toreceive fluid from said string and discharge it into the space betweensaid packing members, a by-pass extending from below the lower packingmember to above the upper packing member, said body having a secondpassage to receive fluid from said space and which is communicable withsaid by-pass, and valve means in the path of uid flow through saidsecond passage for controlling flow of fluid between said second passageand by-pass.

20. In a tool for use in combination with a Well casing and a string oftubing adapted to be moved within the casing, the combination whichcomprises: a vertically elongated body adapted for connection at itsupper end to the tubing string; vertically spaced packing means carriedby said body and adapted to seal ofi a localized zone around the bodyand inside the casing; means for by-passing liquid through the body andpast said packing means to allow vertical movement zone; means slidablymounted on said body forv limited vertical movement and adapted tofrictionally engage the walls of the casing; and valve-operating meansoperatively connected with said slidably mounted means actuated therebyon Lmovement of said body with respect to saidl slid-' ably'mounted'fmeans, to open said valve means.

21. In a tool for use in connection with a well casing and a string oftubing adapted to be moved within the casing, the combination whichcomprises: a vertically elongated body adapted for connection atitsupper end to the tubing string; vertically spaced packing means carriedby said body and Vadapted to seal ofi a localized zone around the bodyand inside the casing; means for by-passing liquid through the body andpast said packing means to allow vertical movement of the tool in thecasing; a passage in said body opening outwardly of said body into thespace in the casing below said packing means for establishingcommunication between the tubing string and said space and alsocommunicating with the exterior of the body in-said zone; valve means-operable to open and close said passage, and located in the passagebelow the point of communication with the exterior of the body in saidzone; and valve operating means carried by said body in `position foroperative engagement with said valve means and actuated by movement ofthe --body relative to the casing to open said valve means.

22. In a tool for use in combination with a well casing and a string oftubing adapted to be moved within the casing, said tool having a body,vertically spaced packers adapted to seal oi a zone inside the casingand around the body, and a chamber in the body communicating with thetubinglstring and the zone between the packers, the combination whichcomprises: means in the body defining a passage opening outwardly of thebody into the space in the casing below the packers-andleading from thechamber to said space; val-ve'means in said passage operable to open andclose said passage; and valve operating means carried by` said body inposition for operative engagement with said valve means and actuated bymovement of the body relative to the casing to open said valve means.

' 23. In a tool for use in combination with a well casing and a stringof tubing adapted to be moved within the casing, said tool having abody, vertically spaced packers adapted to seal off a zone inside thecasing and around the body, and a vfchamber in the body communicatingwith the tubing string and the zone between the packers,

the combination which comprises: means in the body defining a passageopening outwardly of the body into the space in the casing below thepackv4with said check valve and said slidabiy mounted means and actuatedby movement of the body relative to the`slidably mounted means topositively open the check valve.

24. A device adapted to be connected to a tubular string for operationin a well casing, including a body carrying spaced upper and lowerpacking members for sealing with said casing, said body being providedwith uid passage means having a Affiuid exit between said packingmembers and terfminating at a point below said fluid exit, valve -meansin the path of uid ow through said passage means and positioned belowsaid fluid exit for controlling now of fluid from said passage means,and a fluid by-pass extending from below the lower packing member toabove the upper packing member.

25. A device adapted to be connected to a tubular string for operationin a well casing, including a body carrying spaced upper and lowerpacking members for sealing with said casing, said body being providedwith fluid passage means having a fluid exit between said packingmembers and terminating at a point below said fluid exit, a fluidby-pass extending from below the lower packing member to above the upperpacking member, and downwardly seating valve means in the path of fluidow through said passage means and positioned below said iluid exit fordetermining the flow of fluid through said exit and between said fluidpassage means and by-pass.

26. A device adapted to be connected to a tubular string for operationin a well casing, including a body carrying spaced upper and lowerpacking means for sealing with said casing and having a first passage toreceive uid from said string and opening into the space dened betweensaid packing members, and a second passage opening into said space toreceive uid from said space, means for preventing direct passage offluid between said rst and second passages through the interiorsthereof, valve means in the path of fluid ilow through said secondpassage and positioned below said rst passage for controlling flow ofuid through said second passage, and a by-pass extending from below thelower packing member to above the upper packing member and communicablewith said second passage when said Valve means is in open position.

27. A device adapted to be connected to a tubular string for operationin a well casing, including a body carrying spaced upper and lowerpacking members for sealing with said casing and having a first passageto receive fluid from said string and opening into the space definedbetween said packing members, a by-pass extending from below the lowerpacking member to above the upper packing member, said body having asecond passage communicable with said by-pass and opening into the saidspace, means for preventing direct passage of uid between said first andsecond passages through the interiors thereof, and valve means in thepath of fluid flow through said second passage for controlling flow offluid between said second passage and by-pass.

28. A device adapted to be connected to a tubular string for operationin a well casing, including a tubular member having upper and lowersections, upper and lower packing members -around said tubular memberfor sealing with said casing to dene a conned longitudinal spacetherein, a rst port in said upper section for establishing communicationbetween the interior of said upper section and said confined space, asecond port in said lower section for establishing communication betweenthe interior of said lower section and said confined space, means forpreventing passage of fluid between said upper and lower sec- 14 tionsthrough the interiors thereof, means providing a, passage extending froma point below said lower packing member to a point above said upperpacking member for by-passing uid around said confined space, and valvemeans for determining the ow of fluid between the interior of said lowersection and said :by-pass passage.

29. A device adapted to be connected to a tubular string for operationin a well casing, including a tubular member having upper and lowersections, upper and lower packing members around said tubular member forsealing with said casing to dene a confined longitudinal space therein,a first port in said upper section for establishing communicationbetween the interior of said upper section and said confined space, asecond port in said lower section for establishing communication betweenthe interior of said lower section and said conned space, means forpreventing passage of fluid between said upper and lower sectionsthrough the interiors thereof, means providing a passage extending froma point below said lower packing member to a point above said upperpacking member for by-passing fluid around said confined space, andvalve means in the path of uid ow through said lower section fordetermining the flow of fluid between the interior of said lower sectionand said by--pass passage.

30. A device adapted to be connected to a, tubular string for operationin a well casing, including a tubular member having upper and lowersections and an intermediate section connecting said upper and lowersections ln spaced relation, upper and lower packing members around saidtubular member for sealing with said casing to define a confinedlongitudinal space therein, a first port in said upper section forestablishing communication between the interior of said upper sectionand said confined space, a second port in said low-er section forestablishing communication between the interior of said lower sectionand said coni-ined space, means for preventing passage of fluid betweensaid upper and lower sections through the interiors thereof, meansincluding said intermediate section providing a passage extending from apoint below said lower packing member to a point above said upperpacking member for by-passing fluid around said confined space, andvalve means for determining the ow of fluid between the interior of saidlower section and said icy-pass passage.

CHARLES E. COSTELLO.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,055,515 Yarbrough Sept. 29,1936 2,214,121 Costello Sept. 10, 1940 2,239,295 Robinson et al. Apr.22, 1941 2,244,354 Boggs et al June 3, 1941 2,301,624 Holt Nov. 10, 19422,326,940 Granger Aug. 17, 1943

